tejdeep singh bawa :: Blog

Have you ever wondered how system and methods fail to fulfill the required needs? We need to find a solution to the interruptions in a multi-processer computer.

One embodiment relates generally to computers and, more particularly, to a interrupt handling technique for a multi-processor computer.

Abstract

Most computers can support various components and devices that comprise or interface with the computer in a variety of different ways. These components and devices must be supported by different software programs and operating environments running in the computer.

Illustrations

For example, a personal computer may connect to peripheral devices through one or more peripheral buses or ports. Examples of popular peripheral buses include a universal serial bus ("USB") or an IEEE 1394 serial bus ("1394 bus"). The USB is a two-wire serial personal computer bus, designed by a consortium of computer makers and suppliers, which can support many peripheral devices either in parallel or in a daisy chain configuration. The 1394 bus is also a two-wire serial personal computer bus, very similar to the USB. For both the USB and the 1394 bus, when a device is connected to the bus, it provides a predetermined code that identifies its type and bandwidth requirements.

Problems occur when a computer implements an operating environment that is not aware of a specific type (e.g., does not provide appropriate device drivers) of device. To resolve these problems, the computer must implement device support outside of the operating environment. For example, if a computer uses a USB port for a USB keyboard while implementing a PS/2 operating environment (a PS/2 operating environment expects a PS/2 type keyboard), the computer's basic input/output system ("BIOS") can intercept data and software access to and from specific ports associated with the keyboard. The BIOS thereby "translates" the commands between the newer USB keyboard and the operating environment for use with older (or "legacy") keyboards by examining the internal processor ports and registers and "routing" data accordingly.

Continuing with the present example, if the processor writes a data value to port 60h (60 hexadecimal, which is a port defined for use by a PS/2 keyboard), the write instruction causes a system management interrupt ("SMI") trap. In response to the SMI trap, the BIOS instructs the processor to enter a system management mode. The BIOS then places the appropriate data in the processor's registers.

Similarly, the BIOS can be interrupted in order to be requested to go into standby mode. In order to determine what the BIOS was interrupted for, the BIOS must inspect the software instructions. The BIOS relies on data stored in the processor registers to determine this. The BIOS should then retrieve the appropriate data out of the processor's registers to make a decision or perform an action.

However, the BIOS may be interrupted for several reasons and may not be able to determine the reason from the hardware or the interrupt alone. A problem exists when the computer has multiple processors. In these computers, the BIOS has no way to know which of the processors in the multiprocessor system initiated the request. In the above-described examples, the BIOS must determine which of the processors instruction execution caused the interrupt to properly route the data to or from the USB keyboard.

Therefore, what is needed is a system and method for handling system management interrupts in a multiprocessor computer.

In response to the aforementioned problems, a technical advance is achieved by a system and method for handling interrupts in a multiprocessor computer. In one embodiment, the method handles one or more system management interrupts caused by one or more of the processors in the multiprocessor computer system. When a system management interrupt occurs, the computer enters system management mode and the processors store the contents of their registers in memory. The method checks the register contents stored in memory to find the actual physical location of desired data such as an opcode. The method fetches and examines the opcode indicated by the register contents. If the opcode is of the type that would cause a system management interrupt, such as a read or write to port 60h (hexadecimal) or 64 h, this indicates that the current processor is the one to receive the interrupt.

The opcodes may be read or write operations to ports that are not currently being used by existing components. For example, PS/2 keyboards often use ports 60h and 64 h for read and write operations. If the computer is running a program that only supports PS/2 keyboards, yet the computer itself has a USB keyboard, then the computer must translate and route data to the appropriate processor registers for the accesses to and from these ports.

In some embodiments, relative addressing is used by one or more of the processors. As a result, the method must also translate the relative address to an actual physical address in order to locate an operating instruction indicated by the register.

Select the USB stick to suit with your need. This can help you to enhance memory in your own computer.

Making your small business accessible to the major search engines is an essential part of your online marketing plan, and a successful search engine optimization strategy can increase traffic significantly.  High search engine rankings are an easy way to market your business to people who are looking for the keywords and topics that you present on your website. Search engine optimization for small business websites requires some strategy, but lets your business stand apart from the competition and increases web traffic.

Search engine optimization for small business websites requires a thorough understanding of keywords that are 'in demand' for your niche industry.  Your website can reach the top rankings of Google and other search engines with a few strategically placed keywords, alt tags on images, and unique titles positioned in just the right spaces on each page.  You'll need to use keywords in headings, subheadings, and throughout the paragraph copy so that search engines can identify your website easily and put you in the top spots of each search results page.

There are six key ways to enhance search engine optimization for your small business:

1. Identify the keywords
2. Place keywords strategically on each page
3. Use alt tags on all images
4. Create unique title, meta descriptions, and keywords for your business
5. Determine page rank on Google and look for more keywords that can be used
6. Provide significant backlinks and anchor text on the site

Identifying Key Words for Search Engine Optimization

Identifying the keywords in search engine optimization for small business websites is the first step in creating a cohesive strategy.  Keywords will help you determine which words and sentences are most appropriate for your industry, and which ones are highly searched on a regular basis.  When search engines identify your site as a suitable match for content, your ranking will be much higher.

Placement of Keywords for Search Engine Optimization

Placing keywords in specific places is an essential part of search engine optimization for small business websites, and will help search engines determine how valuable and relevant your site is for a specific subject.  Search engines are constantly looking for relevant websites that are a good match for each keyword search.  Placing your keywords in headings, bullet points, and subheadings with bolded text and links is one of the best ways to attract the attention of a major search engine.

Using Alt Tags on Images for Search Engine Optimization

Alt tags are an easy task to overlook when constructing your website, but they offer another opportunity for search engines to pick up your site as a leader in your industry.  Alt tags are keywords used to describe the image; just hover over your images to see what alt tags are being used on your site already; if the word that appears does not have a keyword in it, you can increase search engine optimization by adding the relevant keywords and descriptions to each item.

Unique Titles and Meta Descriptions for Search Engine Optimization

Unique titles are an important element of search engine optimization as they show up on search results as new content and material, and can also encourage increased page views.  Meta descriptions can help you add even more keywords to each page without publishing them directly on the page itself; this description helps search engines pick up your site much more easily.

Backlinks and Anchor Text for Search Engine Optimization

Backlinks are very valuable to any small business website, helping boost the site's credibility and encouraging search engines to take notice.  Anchor text is any text that is linked to another source and placed strategically within titles and copy.  You can add both items to new content for improved search engine rankings.

Determining if your site has been properly optimized for search engines will require strategic writing and placement of essential keywords.  Knowing which keywords are most valuable to your topic and subject is the first step; after that, you'll need to develop unique and valuable content that is updated regularly on the site.  Search engine optimization for small business websites is both an art and science, and you can develop a checklist to ensure that your site is fully optimized.

RFID, Radio Frequency Identification is a technology, which includes wireless data capture and transaction processing. Proximity (short range) and Vicinity (long range) are two major application areas where RFID technology is used. Track and trace applications are long range or vicinity applications. This technology provides additional functionality and benefits for product authentication. Access control applications are Short range or proximity type of applications. AgileSense Technologies is focused on delivering innovative, high value RFID solutions assisting companys track assets, people and documents. AgileSense provides robust and complete RFID solutions built on top of its extensible middleware/framework for Government, Healthcare, Manufacturing and Aerospace industries.

Asset Tracking:

Static or in-motion assets tracking or locating, like a healthcare facility, wheelchairs or IV pumps in, laptops in a corporation and servers in a data center, was not so easy task.

User can instantly determine the general location of tagged assets anywhere within the facility with the help of active RFID technology. Control point detection zones at strategic locations throughout the facility allow the user to define logical zones and monitor high traffic areas. Tagged assets moving through these control points provide instant location data.

Asset tracking applications will see an almost vertical growth curve in the coming years and the growth rate in this area will be much higher than the growth rate of general RFID market.

People Tracking:

People tracking system are used just as asset tracking system. Hospitals and jails are most general tracking required places.

Hospital uses RFID tags for tracking their special patients. In emergency patient and other essential equipment can easily track. It will be mainly very useful in mental care hospitals where doctors can track each and every activity of the patient. Hospitals also use these RFID tags for locating and tracking all the activities of the newly born babies.

The best use of the people tracking system will be in jails. It becomes an easy tracking system to track their inmates. Many jails of different US states like Michigan, California, and Arizona are already using RFID-tracking systems to keep a close eye on jail inmates.

Document tracking:

This is most common problem. Availability of large amount of data and documents brings lots of problem in document management system. An RFID document-tracking system saves time and money by substantially reducing:

• Time spent searching for lost document
• The financial and legal impact associated with losing documents.

Government Library:

Many government libraries use barcode and electromagnetic strips to track various assets. RFID technology uses for reading these barcodes unlike the self-barcode reader RFID powered barcode reader can read multiple items simultaneously. This reduces queues and increases the number of customers using self-check, which in turn will reduce the staff necessary at the circulation desks.

Healthcare:

Patient safety is a big challenge of healthcare vertical. Reducing medication errors, meeting new standards, staff shortages, and reducing costs are the plus points of use of RFID solutions. RFID wristbands containing patient records and medication history address several of these concerns.